Bradford Factor Calculator
Absence score S² × D from spells and days or a list of dates.
About this tool
Enter the number of separate absences (spells) and the total days absent, or paste a list of absence dates and let the tool group consecutive working days into spells. You'll see the Bradford factor, which common trigger level it reaches, and how the same days taken as one absence would compare.
How the Bradford factor works
The Bradford factor is a formula many UK employers use to identify patterns of frequent short-term absence, usually over a rolling 52 weeks. The score is S² × D, where S is the number of separate spells of absence and D the total number of days. Squaring the number of spells means frequent short absences weigh much more heavily than one longer absence. For example, four absences totalling six days score 4 × 4 × 6 = 96, while the same six days taken in one block score just 6. The reasoning is that unplanned short absences are the most disruptive to cover. Organisations set their own trigger points in their absence policy. Common examples are 51 for an informal conversation, 201 for a first formal stage, 401 for a final stage and 651 where dismissal may be considered. Dates entered here are grouped into spells, treating consecutive working days (skipping weekends) as one absence. Honest limits: the factor is a blunt instrument. Absences related to disability, pregnancy, long-term health conditions or caring responsibilities may need to be excluded or treated differently to comply with equality law, and a score should prompt a supportive conversation, never automatic action. Apply your written policy consistently and take HR advice. The employee turnover calculator and the working days calculator are related.
Frequently asked questions
How is the Bradford factor calculated?
S² × D, the number of separate absence spells squared, multiplied by the total days absent, usually over 52 weeks.
What is a high Bradford factor score?
It depends on the employer's policy. Common triggers are 51, 201, 401 and 651.
Should disability-related absence be counted?
It may need to be excluded or adjusted to avoid discrimination. Take HR or legal advice.
Is anything stored?
No. The score is calculated in your browser and nothing is stored or sent.